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1 Pierce oscillator
nELECTRON oscilador Pierce m -
2 Pierce oscillator
2) Телекоммуникации: генератор Пирса -
3 pierce oscillator
2) Телекоммуникации: генератор Пирса -
4 Pierce oscillator
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5 Pierce oscillator
The New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > Pierce oscillator
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6 pierce oscillator
• pirsov oscilator -
7 Pierce oscillator
English-Russian dictionary of telecommunications and their abbreviations > Pierce oscillator
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8 pierce oscillator
பியேசலையம் -
9 pierce oscillator
English-Russian dictionary of electronics > pierce oscillator
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10 Pierce
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11 oscillator
1) генератор3) гетеродин4) фтт осциллятор5) вибратор, элементарный излучатель•- a-f oscillator
- anharmonic oscillator
- antistiction oscillator
- arc oscillator
- arc-tube relaxation oscillator
- Armstrong oscillator - audio-frequency oscillator
- autodyne oscillator
- avalanche oscillator
- avalanche-diode oscillator - Barkhausen oscillator
- Barkhausen-Kurz oscillator
- beam-plasma wave oscillator
- beat oscillator - bias oscillator
- bipolar transistor oscillator
- blocking oscillator
- bridge piezoelectric oscillator
- bulk negative resistance oscillator
- Butler oscillator
- capacitance-resistance oscillator
- carrier insertion oscillator
- cathode-follower oscillator
- cavity oscillator
- chroma oscillator
- chrominance-subcarrier oscillator
- Clapp oscillator
- code-practice oscillator - color subcarrier oscillator
- Colpitts oscillator
- continuous-wave oscillator - cw oscillator
- degenerate parametric oscillator
- degenerate-type parametric oscillator - digital-control oscillator
- digital delay oscillator
- double-local oscillator
- double-transit oscillator
- Dow oscillator
- driven blocking oscillator
- driving oscillator
- Duffing oscillator
- dynatron oscillator - electron-tube oscillator
- erase oscillator
- extended-interaction oscillator
- Fabry-Perot maser oscillator
- fast cyclotron-wave oscillator
- feedback oscillator
- fixed-frequency oscillator
- fork oscillator
- free-running oscillator - frequency-sensitive oscillator
- frequency-swept oscillator
- ganging oscillator
- garnet-tuned oscillator
- gas-tube relaxation oscillator
- grid-dip oscillator
- grid-pulsing oscillator
- Gunn oscillator
- Gunn-diode oscillator
- Gunn-effect oscillator
- harmonic oscillator
- harmonic-locked oscillator
- Hartley oscillator
- helitron oscillator
- Hertzian oscillator
- heterodyne oscillator - impact-avalanche transit-time diode oscillator
- IMPATT oscillator
- impulse oscillator
- induced-degeneration blocking oscillator
- inductance-capacitance oscillator
- injected-beam backward-wave oscillator
- injection-driven oscillator
- injection-locked oscillator
- integral-cavity reflex-klystron oscillator
- Josephson oscillator
- kallitron oscillator
- keep-alive oscillator - laser oscillator
- LC oscillator
- Lecher oscillator
- Lecher-wire oscillator
- lighthouse-tube oscillator
- limited space-charge accumulation oscillator
- linear oscillator
- linear time-base oscillator
- line stabilized oscillator
- local oscillator
- locked oscillator
- locked-in oscillator
- LSA oscillator
- magnetostriction oscillator
- magnetostrictive oscillator
- magnetron oscillator
- maser oscillator
- master oscillator
- Meacham bridge oscillator
- Meissner oscillator
- microwave oscillator
- Miller oscillator
- modulated oscillator
- molecular oscillator
- monotron oscillator
- M-type backward-wave oscillator
- multifrequency oscillator
- multivibrator oscillator
- negative-resistance oscillator
- negative-transconductance oscillator
- nonsinusoidal oscillator
- number-controlled oscillator - parametric phase-locked oscillator - phase-shift oscillator
- phase-stabilized oscillator
- Pierce oscillator
- piezoelectric oscillator
- pilot oscillator
- plasma oscillator
- positive-grid oscillator
- pulse oscillator - quartz-crystal oscillator
- quartz-crystal-controlled oscillator
- quartz-locked oscillator
- quench oscillator
- quenched-mode Gunn oscillator
- RC oscillator
- Read-diode oscillator
- reentrant oscillator
- reference oscillator
- reflection oscillator
- reflex-klystron oscillator
- regenerative oscillator
- relaxation oscillator
- repeller-type oscillator
- resistance-capacitance oscillator
- resonant-line oscillator
- retarding-field oscillator
- RF oscillator
- ring oscillator
- ringing oscillator
- rugged oscillator
- sawtooth oscillator
- self-excited oscillator
- self-mixing oscillator
- self-quenching oscillator
- series-tuned oscillator
- service oscillator
- shunt-tuned oscillator
- sine-wave oscillator
- single-mode oscillator
- single-shot blocking oscillator
- single-wave oscillator
- spark-gap oscillator
- spin oscillator
- square-wave oscillator
- squegging oscillator - sweep oscillator
- synchronized oscillator
- temperature compensated oscillator
- test oscillator
- tetrode oscillator
- timing-axis oscillator - transitron oscillator
- TRAPATT oscillator
- trapped plasma avalanche transit-time oscillator - tunable oscillator
- tuned-anode oscillator
- tuned-base oscillator
- tuned-collector oscillator
- tuned-grid oscillator
- tuned-input oscillator
- tuned-output oscillator
- tuned-plate oscillator
- ultra-audion oscillator - varactor-modulated crystal oscillator - Xtal oscillator
- YIG-tuned tunnel-diode oscillator -
12 oscillator
1) генератор3) гетеродин4) фтт. осциллятор5) вибратор, элементарный излучатель•- a-f oscillator
- anharmonic oscillator
- antistiction oscillator
- arc oscillator
- arc-tube relaxation oscillator
- Armstrong oscillator
- astable blocking oscillator
- audio oscillator
- audio-frequency oscillator
- autodyne oscillator
- avalanche oscillator
- avalanche-diode oscillator
- backward-wave oscillator
- balanced oscillator
- Barkhausen oscillator
- Barkhausen-Kurz oscillator
- beam-plasma wave oscillator
- beat oscillator
- beat-frequency oscillator
- beating oscillator
- bias oscillator
- bipolar transistor oscillator
- blocking oscillator
- bridge piezoelectric oscillator
- bulk negative resistance oscillator
- Butler oscillator
- capacitance-resistance oscillator
- carrier insertion oscillator
- cathode-follower oscillator
- cavity oscillator
- chroma oscillator
- chrominance-subcarrier oscillator
- Clapp oscillator
- code-practice oscillator
- coherent oscillator
- color oscillator
- color subcarrier oscillator
- Colpitts oscillator
- continuous-wave oscillator
- crystal oscillator
- crystal-controlled oscillator
- cw oscillator
- degenerate parametric oscillator
- degenerate-type parametric oscillator
- delayed pulse oscillator
- dielectric resonator oscillator
- digital delay oscillator
- digital-control oscillator
- double-local oscillator
- double-transit oscillator
- Dow oscillator
- driven blocking oscillator
- driving oscillator
- Duffing oscillator
- dynatron oscillator
- electron-coupled oscillator
- electronically tunable oscillator
- electron-tube oscillator
- erase oscillator
- extended-interaction oscillator
- Fabry-Perot maser oscillator
- fast cyclotron-wave oscillator
- feedback oscillator
- fixed-frequency oscillator
- fork oscillator
- free-running oscillator
- frequency multiplier oscillator
- frequency-pulling oscillator
- frequency-sensitive oscillator
- frequency-swept oscillator
- ganging oscillator
- garnet-tuned oscillator
- gas-tube relaxation oscillator
- grid-dip oscillator
- grid-pulsing oscillator
- Gunn oscillator
- Gunn-diode oscillator
- Gunn-effect oscillator
- harmonic oscillator
- harmonic-locked oscillator
- Hartley oscillator
- helitron oscillator
- Hertzian oscillator
- heterodyne oscillator
- high-frequency oscillator
- impact-avalanche transit-time diode oscillator
- impact-avalanche transit-time oscillator
- IMPATT oscillator
- impulse oscillator
- induced-degeneration blocking oscillator
- inductance-capacitance oscillator
- injected-beam backward-wave oscillator
- injection-driven oscillator
- injection-locked oscillator
- integral-cavity reflex-klystron oscillator
- Josephson oscillator
- kallitron oscillator
- keep-alive oscillator
- klystron oscillator
- labile oscillator
- laser oscillator
- LC oscillator
- Lecher oscillator
- Lecher-wire oscillator
- lighthouse-tube oscillator
- limited space-charge accumulation oscillator
- line stabilized oscillator
- linear oscillator
- linear time-base oscillator
- local oscillator
- locked oscillator
- locked-in oscillator
- LSA oscillator
- magnetostriction oscillator
- magnetostrictive oscillator
- magnetron oscillator
- maser oscillator
- master oscillator
- Meacham bridge oscillator
- Meissner oscillator
- microwave oscillator
- Miller oscillator
- modulated oscillator
- molecular oscillator
- monotron oscillator
- M-type backward-wave oscillator
- multifrequency oscillator
- multivibrator oscillator
- negative-resistance oscillator
- negative-transconductance oscillator
- nonsinusoidal oscillator
- number-controlled oscillator
- optical parametric oscillator
- O-type backward-wave oscillator
- oven-controlled crystal oscillator
- parametric oscillator
- parametric phase-locked oscillator
- phase-locked oscillator
- phase-locked subharmonic oscillator
- phase-shift oscillator
- phase-stabilized oscillator
- Pierce oscillator
- piezoelectric oscillator
- pilot oscillator
- plasma oscillator
- positive-grid oscillator
- pulse oscillator
- pulsed avalanche oscillator
- pulsed avalanche-diode oscillator
- push-pull oscillator
- quartz-crystal oscillator
- quartz-crystal-controlled oscillator
- quartz-locked oscillator
- quench oscillator
- quenched-mode Gunn oscillator
- RC oscillator
- Read-diode oscillator
- reentrant oscillator
- reference oscillator
- reflection oscillator
- reflex-klystron oscillator
- regenerative oscillator
- relaxation oscillator
- repeller-type oscillator
- resistance-capacitance oscillator
- resonant-line oscillator
- retarding-field oscillator
- RF oscillator
- ring oscillator
- ringing oscillator
- rugged oscillator
- sawtooth oscillator
- self-excited oscillator
- self-mixing oscillator
- self-quenching oscillator
- series-tuned oscillator
- service oscillator
- shunt-tuned oscillator
- sine-wave oscillator
- single-mode oscillator
- single-shot blocking oscillator
- single-wave oscillator
- spark-gap oscillator
- spin oscillator
- square-wave oscillator
- squegging oscillator
- stabilized local oscillator
- subcarrier oscillator
- superconducting-cavity stabilized oscillator
- surface-acoustic-wave oscillator
- sweep oscillator
- synchronized oscillator
- temperature compensated oscillator
- test oscillator
- tetrode oscillator
- timing-axis oscillator
- transferred-electron oscillator
- transistor oscillator
- transitron oscillator
- TRAPATT oscillator
- trapped plasma avalanche transit-time oscillator
- traveling-wave oscillator
- tri-tet oscillator
- tunable oscillator
- tuned-anode oscillator
- tuned-base oscillator
- tuned-collector oscillator
- tuned-grid oscillator
- tuned-input oscillator
- tuned-output oscillator
- tuned-plate oscillator
- ultra-audion oscillator
- unijunction transistor oscillator
- unlocked driven oscillators
- vacuum-tube oscillator
- Van der Pol oscillator
- varactor-modulated crystal oscillator
- variable reactance oscillator
- variable-frequency oscillator
- velocity-modulated oscillator
- voltage-controlled crystal oscillator
- voltage-controlled oscillator
- Wien-bridge oscillator
- Xtal oscillator
- YIG-tuned tunnel-diode oscillatorThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > oscillator
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13 oscillator
1) генератор2) гетеродин3) вибратор•- alignment oscillator
- audio-frequency oscillator
- backward-wave oscillator
- beat oscillator
- beat-frequency oscillator
- bias oscillator
- blanking oscillator
- blocking oscillator
- bridge oscillator
- Butler oscillator
- calibration oscillator
- capacitance-resistance oscillator
- cavity oscillator
- chroma oscillator
- chrominance-carrier oscillator
- chrominance-subcarrier oscillator
- Clapp oscillator
- clock oscillator
- closed oscillator
- code-practice oscillator
- coilless oscillator
- color oscillator
- color-subcarrier oscillator
- Colpitz oscillator
- cross-field backward wave oscillator
- crystal oscillator
- crystal-controlled oscillator
- delayed pulse oscillator
- double local oscillator
- driving oscillator
- dynatron oscillator
- erase oscillator
- feedback oscillator
- ferrite-tuned oscillator
- fixed-frequency oscillator
- fork oscillator
- glow-tube oscillator
- grid-dip oscillator
- Gunn oscillator
- harmonic oscillator
- Hartley oscillator
- Hertzian oscillator
- heterodyne oscillator
- hollow-space oscillator
- horizontal oscillator
- horizontal-deflection oscillator
- impulse oscillator
- inductance-capacitance oscillator
- klystron oscillator
- labile oscillator
- laser oscillator
- line-stabilized oscillator
- local oscillator
- locked oscillator
- locked-in oscillator
- low-frequency oscillator
- magnetostrictive oscillator
- magnetron oscillator
- master oscillator
- microwave oscillator
- Miller oscillator
- modulated oscillator
- M-type backward wave oscillator
- multifrequency oscillator
- negative-resistance oscillator
- nonlinear oscillator
- octave-band oscillator
- optical-parametric oscillator
- O-type backward wave oscillator
- parametric oscillator
- phase shift oscillator
- phase-locked oscillator
- phase-locked subharmonic oscillator
- Pierce oscillator
- piezoelectric oscillator
- Planck oscillator
- positive grid oscillator
- pulse oscillator
- pulsed oscillator
- pump oscillator
- push-pull oscillator
- quartz-crystal oscillator
- quench oscillator
- radiation oscillator
- radio-frequency oscillator
- RC-oscillator
- relaxating oscillator
- relaxation oscillator
- retarding-field oscillator
- Royer oscillator
- rubidium oscillator
- self-excited oscillator
- self-quenching oscillator
- self-sustained oscillator
- sine-wave oscillator
- single-mode oscillator
- single-wave oscillator
- submarine oscillator
- sweep oscillator
- timing oscillator
- tri-tet oscillator
- tunable oscillator
- ultra-audion oscillator
- ultrasonic oscillator
- vacuum-tube oscillator
- velocity-modulated oscillator
- vertical oscillator
- voltage-controlled oscillator
- Wien-bridge oscillator
- X-tal oscillatorEnglish-Russian dictionary of telecommunications and their abbreviations > oscillator
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14 Pierce, George Washington
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 11 January 1872 Austin, Texas, USAd. 25 August 1956 Franklin, New Hampshire, USA[br]American physicist who made various contributions to electronics, particularly crystal oscillators.[br]Pierce entered the University of Texas in 1890, gaining his BSc in physics in 1893 and his MSc in 1894. After teaching and doing various odd jobs, in 1897 he obtained a scholarship to Harvard, obtaining his PhD three years later. Following a period at the University of Leipzig, he returned to the USA in 1903 to join the teaching staff at Harvard, where he soon established new courses and began to gain a reputation as a pioneer in electronics, including the study of crystal rectifiers and publication of a textbook on wireless telegraphy. In 1912, with Kennelly, he conceived the idea of motional impedance. The same year he was made first Director of Harvard's Cruft High- Tension Electrical Laboratory, a post he held until his retirement. In 1917 he was appointed Professor of Physics, and for the remainder of the First World War he was also involved in work on submarine detection at the US Naval Base in New London. In 1921 he was appointed Rumford Professor of Physics and became interested in the work of Walter Cady on crystal-controlled circuits. As a result of this he patented the Pierce crystal oscillator in 1924. Having discovered the magnetostriction property of nickel and nichrome, in 1928 he also invented the magnetostriction oscillator. The mercury-vapour discharge lamp is also said to have been his idea. He became Gordon McKay Professor of Physics and Communications in 1935 and retired from Harvard in 1940, but he remained active for the rest of his life with the study of sound generation by birds and insects.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, Institute of Radio Engineers 1918–19. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Medal of Honour 1929.Bibliography1910, Principles of Wireless Telegraphy.1914, US patent no. 1,450,749 (a mercury vapour tube control circuit). 1919, Electrical Oscillations and Electric Waves.1922, "The piezo-electric Resonator", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 10:83.Further ReadingF.E.Terman, 1943, Radio Engineers'Handbook, New York: McGraw-Hill (for details of piezo-electric crystal oscillator circuits).KFBiographical history of technology > Pierce, George Washington
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15 Pierce, John Robinson
[br]b. 27 March 1910 Des Moines, Iowa, USA[br]American scientist and communications engineer said to be the "father" of communication satellites.[br]From his high-school days, Pierce showed an interest in science and in science fiction, writing under the pseudonym of J.J.Coupling. After gaining Bachelor's, Master's and PhD degrees at the California Institute of Technology (CalTech) in Pasadena in 1933, 1934 and 1936, respectively, Pierce joined the Bell Telephone Laboratories in New York City in 1936. There he worked on improvements to the travelling-wave tube, in which the passage of a beam of electrons through a helical transmission line at around 7 per cent of the speed of light was made to provide amplification at 860 MHz. He also devised a new form of electrostatically focused electron-multiplier which formed the basis of a sensitive detector of radiation. However, his main contribution to electronics at this time was the invention of the Pierce electron gun—a method of producing a high-density electron beam. In the Second World War he worked with McNally and Shepherd on the development of a low-voltage reflex klystron oscillator that was applied to military radar equipment.In 1952 he became Director of Electronic Research at the Bell Laboratories' establishment, Murray Hill, New Jersey. Within two years he had begun work on the possibility of round-the-world relay of signals by means of communication satellites, an idea anticipated in his early science-fiction writings (and by Arthur C. Clarke in 1945), and in 1955 he published a paper in which he examined various possibilities for communications satellites, including passive and active satellites in synchronous and non-synchronous orbits. In 1960 he used the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 30 m (98 1/2 ft) diameter, aluminium-coated Echo 1 balloon satellite to reflect telephone signals back to earth. The success of this led to the launching in 1962 of the first active relay satellite (Telstar), which weighed 170 lb (77 kg) and contained solar-powered rechargeable batteries, 1,000 transistors and a travelling-wave tube capable of amplifying the signal 10,000 times. With a maximum orbital height of 3,500 miles (5,600 km), this enabled a variety of signals, including full bandwidth television, to be relayed from the USA to large receiving dishes in Europe.From 1971 until his "retirement" in 1979, Pierce was Professor of Electrical Engineering at CalTech, after which he became Chief Technologist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratories, also in Pasadena, and Emeritus Professor of Engineering at Stanford University.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Morris N.Liebmann Memorial Award 1947; Edison Medal 1963; Medal of Honour 1975. Franklin Institute Stuart Ballantine Award 1960. National Medal of Science 1963. Danish Academy of Science Valdemar Poulsen Medal 1963. Marconi Award 1974. National Academy of Engineering Founders Award 1977. Japan Prize 1985. Arthur C.Clarke Award 1987. Honorary DEng Newark College of Engineering 1961. Honorary DSc Northwest University 1961, Yale 1963, Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute 1963. Editor, Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 1954–5.Bibliography23 October 1956, US patent no. 2,768,328 (his development of the travelling-wave tube, filed on 5 November 1946).1947, with L.M.Field, "Travelling wave tubes", Proceedings of the Institute of RadioEngineers 35:108 (describes the pioneering improvements to the travelling-wave tube). 1947, "Theory of the beam-type travelling wave tube", Proceedings of the Institution ofRadio Engineers 35:111. 1950, Travelling Wave Tubes.1956, Electronic Waves and Messages. 1962, Symbols, Signals and Noise.1981, An Introduction to Information Theory: Symbols, Signals and Noise: Dover Publications.1990, with M.A.Knoll, Signals: Revolution in Electronic Communication: W.H.Freeman.KF -
16 Pierce crystal oscillator
<el> ■ Pierce-Oszillator mEnglish-german technical dictionary > Pierce crystal oscillator
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17 Kompfner, Rudolph
[br]b. 16 May 1909 Vienna, Austriad. 3 December 1977 Stanford, California, USA[br]Austrian (naturalized English in 1949, American in 1957) electrical engineer primarily known for his invention of the travelling-wave tube.[br]Kompfner obtained a degree in engineering from the Vienna Technische Hochschule in 1931 and qualified as a Diplom-Ingenieur in Architecture two years later. The following year, with a worsening political situation in Austria, he moved to England and became an architectural apprentice. In 1936 he became Managing Director of a building firm owned by a relative, but at the same time he was avidly studying physics and electronics. His first patent, for a television pick-up device, was filed in 1935 and granted in 1937, but was not in fact taken up. In June 1940 he was interned on the Isle of Man, but as a result of a paper previously sent by him to the Editor of Wireless Engineer he was released the following December and sent to join the group at Birmingham University working on centimetric radar. There he worked on klystrons, with little success, but as a result of the experience gained he eventually invented the travelling-wave tube (TWT), which was based on a helical transmission line. After disbandment of the Birmingham team, in 1946 Kompfner moved to the Clarendon Laboratory at Oxford and in 1947 he became a British subject. At the Clarendon Laboratory he met J.R. Pierce of Bell Laboratories, who worked out the theory of operation of the TWT. After gaining his DPhil at Oxford in 1951, Kompfner accepted a post as Principal Scientific Officer at Signals Electronic Research Laboratories, Baldock, but very soon after that he was invited by Pierce to work at Bell on microwave tubes. There, in 1952, he invented the backward-wave oscillator (BWO). He was appointed Director of Electronics Research in 1955 and Director of Communications Research in 1962, having become a US citizen in 1957. In 1958, with Pierce, he designed Echo 1, the first (passive) satellite, which was launched in August 1960. He was also involved with the development of Telstar, the first active communications satellite, which was launched in 1962. Following his retirement from Bell in 1973, he continued to pursue research, alternately at Stanford, California, and Oxford, England.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPhysical Society Duddell Medal 1955. Franklin Institute Stuart Ballantine Medal 1960. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers David Sarnoff Award 1960. Member of the National Academy of Engineering 1966. Member of the National Academy of Science 1968. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Medal of Honour 1973. City of Philadelphia John Scott Award 1974. Roentgen Society Silvanus Thompson Medal 1974. President's National medal of Science 1974. Honorary doctorates Vienna 1965, Oxford 1969.Bibliography1944, "Velocity modulated beams", Wireless Engineer 17:262.1942, "Transit time phenomena in electronic tubes", Wireless Engineer 19:3. 1942, "Velocity modulating grids", Wireless Engineer 19:158.1946, "The travelling-wave tube", Wireless Engineer 42:369.1964, The Invention of the TWT, San Francisco: San Francisco Press.Further ReadingJ.R.Pierce, 1992, "History of the microwave tube art", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers: 980.KF -
18 Varian, Russell Harrison
[br]b. 24 April 1898 Washington, DC, USAd. 28 July 1959 Juneau, Alaska, USA[br]American physicist who, with his brother Sigurd Varian and others, developed the klystron.[br]After attending schools in Palo Alto and Halcyon, Russell Varian went to Stanford University, gaining his BA in 1925 and his MA in 1927 despite illness and being dyslexic. His family being in need of financial help, he first worked for six months for Bush Electric in San Francisco and then for an oil company in Texas, returning to San Francisco in 1930 to join Farnsworth's Television Laboratory. After a move to Philadelphia, in 1933 the laboratory closed and Russell tried to take up a PhD course at Stanford but was rejected, so he trained as a teacher. However, although he did some teaching at Stanford it was not to be his career, for in 1935 he joined his brothers Sigurd and Eric in the setting up of a home laboratory.There, with William Hansen, a former colleague of Russell's at Stanford, they worked on the development of microwave oscillators, based on some of the latter's ideas. By 1937 they had made sufficient progress on an electron velocity-bunching tube, which they called the klystron, to obtain an agreement with the university to provide laboratory facilities in return for a share of any proceeds. By August that year they were able to produce continuous power at a wavelength of 13 cm. Clearly needing greater resources to develop and manufacture the tube, and with a possible war looming, a deal was struck with the Sperry Gyroscope Company to finance the work, which was transferred to the East Coast.In 1946, after the death of his first wife, Russell returned to Palo Alto, and in 1948 the brothers and Hansen founded Varian Associates to make microwave tubes for transmitters and linear accelerators and nuclear magnetic-resonance detectors. Subsequent research also resulted in the development of a satellite-borne magnetometer for measuring the earth's magnetic field.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsHonorary DSc Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute 1943. Franklin Institute Medal.Bibliography1939, with S.F.Varian, "High frequency oscillator and amplifier", Journal of Applied Physics 10:321 (describes the klystron).Further ReadingJ.R.Pierce, 1962, "History of the microwave tube art", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 979 (provides background to development of the klystron).D.Varian, 1983, The Inventor and the Pilot (biographies of the brothers).See also: Varian, Sigurd FergusKFBiographical history of technology > Varian, Russell Harrison
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19 Varian, Sigurd Fergus
[br]b. 4 May 1901 Syracuse, New York, USAd. 18 October 1961 Puerto Vallarta, Mexico[br]American electrical engineer who, with his brother Russell, developed the klystron microwave tube.[br]Sigurd Varian left school in 1920 and entered California Polytechnic to study engineering, but he soon dropped out and trained as an electrician, taking up employment with the Southern Californian Edison Company. As a result of working on an airfield he developed an interest in flying. He took lessons and in 1924 bought a First World War biplane and became a "barnstorming" pilot, giving flying displays and joy-rides, etc., to earn his living. Beset by several prolonged bouts of tuberculosis, he used his periods of recuperation to study aerial navigation and to devise navigation instruments. In 1929 he took a permanent job as a pilot for Pan American in Mexico, but in 1935 he went to California to work on electron tubes with his younger brother, Eric. They were soon joined by Russell, and with William Hansen they developed the klystron. For details of this part of his life and the founding of Varian Associates, see under Russell Varian. In later years, his health increasingly poor, he lived in semi-retirement in Mexico, where he died in a plane crash while flying himself home.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFranklin Institute Medal.Bibliography1939, with R.S.Varian, "High frequency oscillator and amplifier", Journal of Applied Physics 10:321 (describes the klystron).Further ReadingJ.R.Pierce, 1962, "History of the microwave tube art", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 979 (provides background to development of the klystron).D.Varian, 1983, The Inventor and the Pilot (biographies of the brothers).KF
См. также в других словарях:
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